BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Gendered peace : women's struggles for post-war justice and reconciliation / Pankhurst, Donna (ed.) - (UNRISD research on gender inequality in an unequal world ; 2), vi, 341 p.. - New York : Routledge, 2007.

ISBN 978-0-415-95648-2

LANGUAGE: ENG

INTRODUCTION: This volume contributes to the growing literature on women, conflict and peacebuilding by focusing on the moments after a peace accord, or some other official ending of a conflict, often denoted as ‘post-conflict’ or ‘post-war’. Such moments often herald great hope for holding to account those who committed grave wrongs during the conflict, and for a better life in the future. For many women, both of these hopes are often very quickly shattered in starkly different ways to the hopes of men. Such periods are often characterized by violence and insecurities, and the official ending of a war often fails to bring freedom from sexual violence for many women. Within such a context, efforts on the part of women, and those made on their behalf, to hold to account those who commit crimes against them, and to access their rights are difficult to make, are often dangerous, and are also often deployed with little effect. Gendered Peace explores international contexts, and a variety of local ones, in which such struggles take place, and evaluates their progress. The volume highlights the surprising success in the development of international legal advances for women, but contrasts this with the actual experience of women in cases from Sierra Leone, Rwanda, South Africa, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, East Timor, Peru, Central America and the Balkans.'

ABSTRACT: Contents:.

1. Introduction, Donna Pankhurst.

2. Gendering International Justice, Martha Walsh.

3. Truth and Reconciliation Commissions and Gender Justice Alessandra, Dal Secco.

4. 'Your Justice is too Slow': Will the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Fail Rwanda’s Rape Victims? Binaifer Nowrojee.

5. Gender Injustice and the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Rashida Manjoo.

6. The Politics of Gender and Reconstruction in Afghanistan: Old Dilemmas or New Challenges? Deniz Kandiyoti.

7. The Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) Accord and After , Meghna Guhathakurta.

8. Marrying Your Rapist, Jelke Boesten.

9. Joining Forces for Democratic Governance, Ilja A. Luciak.

10. Rada Drezgic Dubravka Žarkov, Gendered War, Gendered Peace, Tanja Djuric-Kuzmanovic.

11. Post-War Backlash Violence Against Women, Donna Pankhurst.

INDEX WORDS:
* Sanningskommissioner = Truth Commissions = Totuuskomissiot
* internationella tribunalen för krigsförbrytelser = international tribunal on war crimes (ICTR) = kansainvälinen sotarikostuomioistuin
* krigsförbrytelser = war crimes = sotarikokset
* kvinnor = women = naiset
* familjevåld = domestic violence = perheväkivalta
* abort = abortion = abortti
* ansvar = accountability = vastuullisuus
* diskriminering = discrimination = syrjintä
* barn = children = lapset
* våldtäkt = rape = raiskaus
* sedvanerätt = customary law = tapaoikeus
* demokrati = democracy = demokratia
* rätt till undervisning = right to education = oikeus opetukseen
* etnisk rensning = ethnic cleansing = etninen puhdistus
* prostitution = prostitution = prostituutio
* folkmord = genocide = kansanmurha
* hälsovård = health care = terveydenhoito
* människohandel = trafficking in persons = ihmiskauppa
* internationell straffrätt = international criminal law = kansainvälinen rikosoikeus
* jordreform = land reform = maareformi
* muslimer = Muslims = muslimit
* nationalism = nationalism = nationalismi
* NGO = NGO = NGO
* politiskt deltagande = political participation = poliittinen osallistuminen
* rasdiskriminering = racial discrimination = rotusyrjintä
* försoning = reconciliation = sovinto
* sexuellt utnyttjande = sexual abuse = seksuaalinen hyväksikäyttö
* sexslaveri = sexual slavery = seksiorjuus
* tortyr = torture = kidutus
* offer = victims = uhrit

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Afghanistan / Albania / Bangladesh / Bosnia-Herzegovina / Croatia / East Timor / El Salvador / Eritrea / Japan / Macedonia / Montenegro / Nicaragua / Rwanda / Serbia / Sierra Leone / Slovenia / Former Yugoslavia

NOTE (GENERAL): Geneva conventions; Additional protocols to the Geneva conventions; Beijing platform for action; DEDAW; Declaration on the protection of women and children im emergency and armed conflict; ECHR;

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph series

Cases, materials and text on national, supranational and international non-discrimination law / Schiek, Dagmar (ed.) ; Waddington, Lisa ; Bell, Mark - (Ius commune casebooks for the common law of Europe), cxix, 998 p.. - Oxford : Hart Publishing, 2007.

ISBN 978-1-84113-748-3

LANGUAGE: ENG

INTRODUCTION: This is the fourth book in the ‘Ius Commune Casebooks for the Common Law of Europe’ series, developed for use throughout Europe and aimed at those who teach, learn or practise law with a comparative or European perspective. It is the result of the collaborative efforts of a panel of experts from various EU Member States. In common with earlier books in the series, this casebook presents cases and other materials (legislative materials, international and European materials, excerpts from books or articles, etc.). As non-discrimination law is a comparatively new subject, the chapters search for and develop the concepts of discrimination law on the basis of a wide variety of young and often still emerging case law and legislation. The result is a comprehensive textbook with materials from a wide variety of EU Member States. The book illustrates the distinct relationship between international, European and national legislation in the field of non-discrimination law. It covers the grounds of discrimination addressed in the Racial Equality and Employment Equality Directives, as well as non-discrimination law relating to gender. In so doing, it covers the law of a large number of EU Member States, alongside some international comparisons.

ABSTRACT: Contents:.

# Introductory Chapter. A Comparative Perspective on Non-Discrimination Law.

# Chapter 1. Discrimination Grounds.

# Chapter 2. Direct Discrimination.

# Chapter 3. Indirect Discrimination.

# Chapter 4. Harassment.

# Chapter 5. Instructions to Discriminate and Victimisation.

# Chapter 6. Reasonable Accommodation.

# Chapter 7. Positive Action.

# Chapter 8. Enforcement Bodies.

INDEX WORDS:
* icke-diskriminering = non-discrimination = syrjintäkielto
* rättsfall/rättspraxis = cases/case law = oikeustapaukset/oikeuskäytäntö
* EU = EU = EU
* nationell lagstiftning = national legislation = kansallinen lainsäädäntö
* diskriminering = discrimination = syrjintä
* jämlikhet = equality = tasa-arvo
* rasism = racism = rasismi
* etniska minoriteter = ethnic minorities = etniset vähemmistöt
* nationella minoriteter = national minorities = kansalliset vähemmistöt
* minoritetsgrupper = minority groups = vähemmistöryhmät
* handikappade = disabled persons = vammaiset
* religiös diskriminering = religious discrimination = uskonnollinen syrjintä
* arbete = labour = työ
* kvinnor = women = naiset
* sexuellt utnyttjande = sexual abuse = seksuaalinen hyväksikäyttö
* viktimisering = victimization = uhriksi joutuminen

URL http://www.casebooks.eu/nonDiscrimination/

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Developmental and autonomy rights of children : empowering children, caregivers and communites / Willems, Jan C. M. (ed.). - 2. rev. ed.., xxiii, 211 p.. - Antwerp : Intersentia, 2007.

ISBN 978-90-5095-726-7

LANGUAGE: ENG

INTRODUCTION: On November 20, 1989, the United Nations unanimously adopted the Convention on the Rights of the Child. November 20 has become a date which signals the recognition by the international community that children have developmental and autonomy rights as essential benchmarks for children themselves and for those responsible for their wellbeing and their healthy physical, emotional, social, moral and intellectual development. However, as long as early child development, psychological recovery and social reintegration of traumatised and marginalised children and caregivers, preparation for parenthood, parenting education and parenting support, child-friendly community building, as well as international cooperation in all these fields are seriously lacking investment by society and the state, the developmental and autonomy rights of all children, and especially the rights of young children and children living in exceptionally difficult conditions, are soft rights only. The emancipation of the young child and the rehabilitation and emancipation of the deprived, exploited, abused and neglected child remain in a legal shadow land. This book intends to explore this shadow land. It introduces the concepts of the Trias pedagogica and Transism in order to shed light on the obligations and responsibilities of states and other actors in the empowerment of children, caregivers and communities. Its authors hope to serve the field of human rights and family and child studies, and all related fields.

ABSTRACT: Table of contents:.

CHAPTER 1. CHILDRENS RIGHTS ARE HUMAN RIGHTS; CURRENT ISSUES AND DEVELOPMENTS, THEO VAN BOVEN.

1. Introduction. 2. From Dependence to Emancipation. 3. Identity, Nationality, Name and Family Relations. 4. Children Living in Particularly Difficult Conditions. 5. An International Right of Petition for Children?.

CHAPTER 2. CHILDRENS RIGHTS AND UNIVERSALITY, EVA BREMS.

1. Inclusive Universality. 1.1. From a Descriptive to a Normative Concept of Universality 1.2. Correcting Distortions. 1.3. Flexibility and Transformation. 2. International Childrens Rights: Accommodating Childrens Particularities to Promote the Universality of Human Rights. 2.1. Changing the Image of Children. 2.2. Four Types of Interests. 2.3. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child . 2.3.1. Protectionism prevails. 2.3.2. Development rights. 2.3.3. Autonomy rights. 2.3.4. Trias Pedagogica. 2.4. From Flexibility to Transformation? 3. The Universal Child? Accommodating Diversity Within International Childrens Rights. 3.1. Cultural Diversity. 3.1.1. Expressions of cultural pluralism in the text of the CRC. 3.1.2. Elastic language: the best interests of the child. 3.2. Other Types of Diversity. 3.2.1. Economic circumstances. 3.2.2. Gender. 4. Conclusion.

CHAPTER 3. THE DEVELOPMENTAL DAMAGE TO CHILDREN AS A RESULT OF THE VIOLATION OF THEIR RIGHTS. MARTINE F. DELFOS. 1. Introduction. 2. Pervasive Traumatic Experiences. 3. Developmental Damage Caused by Sexual Abuse. 4. A Case of Systematic and Accumulative Violation of Rights. 5. Mental Sexual Abuse in the Classroom: Sexual Brainwashing. 6. The Anxiety Model: Externalising and Internalising Behavioural Problems. 7. Trauma and Guilt. 8. The Perspective of the Victim. 9. The Voice of the Child in the System of Care . 10. Conclusion. References.

CHAPTER 4. THE CHILDRENS LAW OF NATIONS: THE INTERNATIONAL RIGHTS OF THE CHILD IN THE TRIAS PEDAGOGICA. JAN C. M. WILLEMS. 1. Introduction. 2. The Childrens Law of Nations: A Child-Caregiver-Community Approach to Childrens Rights. 2.1. Concepts and Terms. 2.2. The Childrens Law of Nations Binds All States, Both Rich and Poor. 2.3. Object and Purpose of the Childrens Law of Nations. 2.4. The Emancipation of the (Young) Child: Empowering Caregivers and Building Communities. 2.5. State Obligations: A Universal Constitutional Perspective. 3. The International Rights of the Child in the Trias Pedagogica: An Interpretative Framework. 3.1. The Convention on the Rights of the Child as Temple of the Trias Pedagogica: its Foundation, Pillars and Roof. 3.1.1. Foundation. 3.1.2. Pillars: the three Ps. 3.1.3. Roof: the fundamental principle of the right of the child to become an optimal person. 3.1.4. Firm ground. 3.2. Trias Versus Transism. 3.2.1. Trias pedagogica. 3.2.2. Transism. 3.3. The Constitutionalisation of the Trias Pedagogica: A Proposed Provision. 3.4. Plea for Provision (Provision-Prevention) and Participation as a New Legal Paradigm. 3.4.1. Informing the public, informing parents, informing the child. 3.4.2. What should we do?. 3.4.3. From passing on trauma to passing on knowledge. 4. Ten Programmatic Rights. 5. Conclusion. References.

CHAPTER 5. CHILDRENS RIGHTS AND THE PREVENTION OF CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT: THE QUEST FOR A TRIAS PEDAGOGICA OF CHILDREN, PARENTS AND SOCIETY, JAN C. M. WILLEMS. 1. Introduction. 2. International Law and the Emancipation of the Child. 3. Human Dignity: Respect and Self-Respect. 4. Multiculturalism or Social Exclusion?. 5. Parental Autonomy or Transism?. 6. Womens Rights in the Best Interests of the Child. 7. Developmental Damage: One out of Three Children. 8. Preparation for Parenthood as a Human Right. 9. Trias Pedagogica: Constitutionalization and Operationalization. 10. The CRC: Building Blocks for a Constitutional Trias Pedagogica. 11. Continuum of Care: Combined Universal, Selective and Indicated Prevention. 12. Conclusion.

CHAPTER 6. THE CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD: ORIENTATION AND CONCEPTUALIZATION OF CHILDRENS RIGHTS, JAN C. M. WILLEMS. 1. Introduction. 2. Orientation. 3. Conceptualization. 4. Conclusion. References. Appendices.

CHAPTER 7. CHILDRENS RIGHTS AT A DIGNITARIAN HORIZON OF RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD JAN C. M. WILLEMS: 1. Introduction. Part One: A Helicopter View. 2. Dignitarian Versus Libertarian Attitudes and Views. Part Two: Responsible Parenthood. 3. The Best Interests of the Child. 4. Parental Responsibilities and State Obligations.

INDEX WORDS:
* barn = children = lapset
* mänskliga rättigheter = human rights = ihmisoikeudet
* statens förpliktelser = obligations of states = valtioiden velvollisuudet
* människovärde = human dignity = ihmisarvo
* barnmisshandel = child abuse = lasten pahoinpitely
* barnets bästa = best interest of the child = lapsen etu
* medborgarskap = citizenship = kansalaisuus
* föräldrar = parents = vanhemmat
* utnyttjande av barn = exploitation of children = lasten hyväksikäyttö

NOTE (GENERAL): CRC;

URL http://www.intersentia.be/zoekdetail.asp?titel=&auteur=willems&isbn=&vakgebied=&trefwoord=&datum=&auteurid=&reeksid=&pageid=0&page=1&pid=1468

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Discrimination law / Connolly, Michael, xxxviii, 419 p.. - London : Sweet & Maxwell, 2006.

ISBN 0-421-93000-4

LANGUAGE: ENG

INTRODUCTION: Discrimination law is a technical and difficult area, which is compounded by the growth in coverage over recent years. Straddling a number of areas including employment law and human rights, as well as free-standing modules, Discrimination Law provides readers with a detailed, yet clear guide to this area of law. Analyses different theories and definitions of what is classed as discrimination. Covers the UK and EU, including comparisons to the US, Canada and Australia.

ABSTRACT: Contents:.

Theories of discrimination law.

The sources of anti-discrimination law.

Prohibited grounds of discrimination.

Direct discrimination.

Harassment and other unlawful acts.

Indirect discrimination.

Victimisation.

Discrimination in employment.

Equal pay.

Discrimination in fields other than employment.

Disability discrimination.

Positive action.

Enforcement of discrimination legislation.

INDEX WORDS:
* diskriminering = discrimination = syrjintä
* arbete = labour = työ
* handikappade = disabled persons = vammaiset
* jämlikhet = equality = tasa-arvo
* lagstiftning = legislation = lainsäädäntö
* rättsfall/rättspraxis = cases/case law = oikeustapaukset/oikeuskäytäntö
* rätt till lika lön för lika arbete = equal remuneration = oikeus samaan palkkaan samasta työstä
* sexuellt utnyttjande = sexual abuse = seksuaalinen hyväksikäyttö
* rasdiskriminering = racial discrimination = rotusyrjintä
* religiös diskriminering = religious discrimination = uskonnollinen syrjintä
* könsdiskriminering = gender discrimination = sukupuolisyrjintä
* åldersrasism = age discrimination = ikäsyrjintä
* viktimisering = victimization = uhriksi joutuminen

URL http://www.sweetandmaxwell.co.uk/details?prodid=135172&unitid=135172&search=discrimination%20law&format=B&publisher=sweet&subject=all&from=1&to=50

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph series

Les crimes contre l'humanité dans le Statut de la cour pénale internationale / Currat, Philippe - (Collection genevoise), xiv, 806 p.. - Bruxelles : Bruylant , 2006.

ISBN 2-8027-2213-1

LANGUAGE: FRE

INTRODUCTION: L’ouvrage offre la première analyse approfondie des crimes contre l’humanité dans le Statut de la Cour pénale internationale depuis l’adoption de ce dernier. L’auteur propose une définition complète et précise, adoptant une approche fondée sur les droits de l’homme internationalement reconnus et intégrant la jurisprudence des deux Tribunaux pénaux internationaux. L’analyse de la responsabilité pénale des auteurs de ces infractions met en lumière l’importance d’une action criminelle collective, organisée et hiérarchisée.

INDEX WORDS:
* internationella brottmålsdomstolen = international criminal court (ICC) = kansainvälinen rikostuomioistuin
* brott mot mänskligheten = crimes against humanity = rikos ihmisyyttä vastaan
* internationell straffrätt = international criminal justice = kansainvälinen rikosoikeus
* slaveri = slavery = orjuus
* deporterade personer = deported persons = karkotetut henkilöt
* fängslande = imprisonment = vangitseminen
* tortyr = torture = kidutus
* våld = violence = väkivalta
* sexuellt utnyttjande = sexual abuse = seksuaalinen hyväksikäyttö
* förföljelse = persecution = vaino
* ofrivilliga försvinnanden = enforced disappearances = pakotettu katoaminen
* apartheid = apartheid = rotusorto
* krigsförbrytelser = war crimes = sotarikokset
* folkmord = genocide = kansanmurha
* rättsfall/rättspraxis = cases/case law = oikeustapaukset/oikeuskäytäntö

URL http://www.schulthess.com/de/suche/detail.cfm?AR_ID=44374

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Rikosprosessi lapsiin kohdistuvissa seksuaalirikoksissa / Hirvelä, Päivi, 590 p.. - Tampere : WSOYpro, 2006.

ISBN 951-0-32616-X

LANGUAGE: FIN

INTRODUCTION: Lapseen kohdistunut seksuaalirikos asettaa rikosprosessille erityisvaatimuksia, sillä lapset ovat rikoksen uhreina haavoittuvia ja heidän oikeusturvansa edellyttää erityistä suojaamista.

Tässä teoksessa esitetään kokonaiskuva rikosprosessista lapseen kohdistuneissa seksuaalirikoksissa ja vastataan kysymykseen millaista suojaa rikosprosessi voi antaa lapseen kohdistuvissa seksuaalirikoksissa ja miten tämä suoja on sovitettavissa yhteen rikoksesta epäillyn oikeusturvan takeisiin. Kirjassa käsitellään lapseen kohdistuvien seksuaalirikosten kriminalisointia, rikosprosessia, todistusharkintaa ja näytön riittävyyttä. Kirjassa kuvataan myös lapsen seksuaalisen hyväksikäytön selvittämistä käytännölliseltä kannalta tapausaineiston valossa.

Teos on väitöskirja ja se on tarkoitettu lakimiehille, ennen kaikkea syyttäjille, asianajajille, yleisille oikeusavustajille, tuomareille ja poliiseille, jotka selvittävät ja ratkaisevat lapsiin kohdistuneita seksuaalirikoksia.

INDEX WORDS:
* straffprocess = criminal procedure = rikosprosessi
* rättsskydd = legal protection = oikeusturva
* barn = children = lapset
* barnets bästa = best interest of the child = lapsen etu
* sexualbrott = sexual crimes = seksuaalirikokset
* incest = incest = insesti
* sexuellt utnyttjande = sexual abuse = seksuaalinen hyväksikäyttö
* bevis = evidence = todistus
* förundersökning = pretrial investigation = esitutkinta
* rättsfall/rättspraxis = cases/case law = oikeustapaukset/oikeuskäytäntö
* lagstiftning = legislation = lainsäädäntö

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Finland

NOTE (THESIS): Doctoral thesis, University of Helsinki, 2006

URL http://www.wsoy.fi/pro/index.jsp?c=product&isbn=951-0-32616-X

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph series

Non-state actors and human rights / Alston, Philip (ed.) - (The collected courses of the Academy of European Law ; vol. XIII/3), ix, 387 p.. - Oxford : Oxford U. P., 2005.

ISBN 0-19-92781-6

LANGUAGE: ENG

INTRODUCTION: Description * Responsibility of Non-State Actors is one of the biggest and most critical challenges facing international law today * Covers the role of important non-governmental institutions including the IMF and the WTO * Assesses the challenge posed by the behaviour of transnational corporations Can transnational corporations ignore human rights as long as governments don't hold them accountable? If the UN is put in charge of a territory, is it bound by human rights law? Does that body of law apply to private security contractors who use torture to achieve their goals? Does the right to freedom of speech apply in a private shopping mall which has become the modern-day town centre?

Under traditional approaches to human rights, non-State actors are beyond the direct reach of international human rights law. They cannot be parties to the relevant treaties and so they are only bound to the extent that obligations accepted by States can be applied to them by governments. The result is that entities including Non-Governmental Organizations, international organizations such as the UN and the IMF, private security contractors, and transnational corportaions, along with many others, are generally considered not to be bound directly by human rights law.

This situation threatens to make a mockery of much of the international system of accountability for human rights violations. As privatization, outsourcing, and downsizing place ever more public or governmental functions into the hands of private actors, the human rights regime must adapt if it is to maintain its relevance. The contributors to this volume examine the different approaches that might be taken in order to ensure some degree of accountability. Making space in the legal regime to take account of the role of non-State actors is one of the biggest and most critical challenges facing international law today.

ABSTRACT: CONTENTS:.

Part I: Introduction:.

1. Philip Alston: The 'Not-a-Cat' Syndrome: Can the International Human Rights Regime Accommodate Non-State Actors?. 2. August Reinisch: The Changing International Legal Framework for Dealing with Non-State Actors.

Part II: Non-Governmental Organizations and International Organizations as Non-State Actors :.

3. Menno T. Kamminga: The Evolving Status of NGOs under International Law: A Threat to the Inter-State System?. 4. François Gianviti: Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights and the International Monetary Fund.

Part III: Corporations :.

5. Celia Wells and Juanita Elias: Catching the Conscience of the King: Corporate Players on the International Stage. 6. Ralph Steinhardt: Corporate Responsibility and the International Law of Human Rights: The New Lex Mercatoria. 7. Olivier de Schutter: The Accountability of Multinationals for Human Rights Violations in European Law. 8. David Weissbrodt and Muria Kruger: Human Rights Responsibilities of Businesses as Non-State Actors.

Mary Rumsey: Bibliography on Non-State Actors in International Law

INDEX WORDS:
* ansvar = accountability = vastuullisuus
* apartheid = apartheid = rotusorto
* väpnad konflikt = armed conflict = aseellinen selkkaus
* NGO = NGO = NGO
* CESCR Committee = CESCR Committee = CESCR Committee
* barnarbete = child labour = lapsityö
* barn = children = lapset
* sexuellt utnyttjande = sexual abuse = seksuaalinen hyväksikäyttö
* multinationella bolag = transnational corporations (TNC) = monikansalliset yritykset
* OECD = OECD = OECD
* nationella domstolar = national courts = kansalliset tuomioistuimet
* NIEO = NIEO = UKTJ
* non-state actors = non-state actors = non-state actors
* politiska partier = political parties = poliittiset puolueet
* rättsstatsprincip = rule of law = oikeusvaltioperiaate
* sanningskommissioner = truth commissions = totuuskomissiot
* statsansvar = state responsibility = valtiovastuu
* hållbar utveckling = sustainable development = kestävä kehitys
* fackföreningar = trade unions = ammattiyhdistykset
* krigsförbrytelser = war crimes = sotarikokset
* Världsbanken = World Bank = Maailmanpankki
* WHO = WHO = WHO
* WTO = WTO = WTO

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Australia / Belgium / Canada / Chile / China / Colombia / Cuba / Denmark / East Timor / Greece / Iraq / Italy / Japan / Latin America / Malaysia / Mexico / Myanmar / netherlands / Nigeria / Sierra Leone / South Africa / Spain / Sri Lanka / Switzerland / Thailand / Turkey / United Kingdom / USA / Zimbabwe

NOTE (GENERAL): UN charter; ECHR; ESC

URL http://www.oup.co.uk/isbn/0-19-927281-6?view=lawview

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

The gender of constitutional jurisprudence / Baines, Beverley (ed.) ; Rubio-Marin, Ruth, xii, 342 p.. - Cambridge : Cambridge U. P., 2005.

ISBN 0-521-53027-X

LANGUAGE: ENG

INTRODUCTION: To explain how constitutions shape and are shaped by women’s lives, the contributors to this volume examine constitutional cases pertaining to women in twelve countries. Analyzing jurisprudence about reproductive, sexual, familial, socio-economic, and democratic rights, they focus constructively on women’s claims to equality, asking who makes these claims, what constitutional rights inform them, how they have evolved, what arguments work in defending them, and how they relate to other national issues. Their findings reveal significant similarities in outcomes and in reasoning about women’s constitutional rights in these twelve countries, challenging the tradition of distinguishing constitutional jurisprudence depending on whether the country has a written or unwritten constitution, subscribes to civil or common law, is a federal or unitary state, limits constitutional adjudication to the public domain, accords international norms binding or subject to incorporation force, or relies on a specialized or general court to adjudicate constitutional matters.

ABSTRACT: CONTENTS:.

Toward a feminist constitutional agenda, by Beverly Baines, Ruth Rubio-Marin .

1. Speaking into a silence : embedded constitutionalism, the Australian Constitution, and the rights of women, by Isabel Karpin, Karen O'Connell. 2. Using the Canadian charter of rights and freedoms to constitute women, by Beverly Baines. 3. Emancipatory equality : gender jurisprudence under the Colombian Constitution, by Martha I. Morgan. 4. Gender equality and international human rights in Costa Rican constitutional jurisprudence, by Alda Facio, Rodrigo Jiménez Sandova, Martha I. Morgan. 5. Constituting women : the French ways, by Eric Millard. 6. Gender in the German Constitution, by Blanca Rodríguez Ruiz, Ute Sacksofsky. 7. India, sex equality, and constitutional law, by Martha C. Nussbaum. 8. Constitutional transformation, gender equality, and religious/national conflict in Israel : tentative progress through the obstacle course, by Ran Hirschl, Ayelet Shachar. 9. No nation can be free when one half of it is enslaved : constitutional equality for women in South Africa, by Saras Jagwanth, Christina Murray. 10. Engendering the constitution : the Spanish experience, by Ruth Rubio-Marin. 11. Gender equality from a constitutional perspective : the case of Turkey, by Hilal Elver. 12. Gender and the United States Constitution : equal protection, privacy, and federalism, by Reva B. Siegel.

INDEX WORDS:
* urinvånare = aborigines = alkuasukkaat
* abort = abortion = abortti
* kvinnor = women = naiset
* adoption = adoption = adoptio
* affirmative action = affirmative action = affirmative action
* författning/grundlag = constitution = perustuslaki/valtiosääntö
* barn = children = lapset
* medborgarskap = citizenship = kansalaisuus
* reproduktiva rättigheter = reproductive rights = lisääntymiseen liittyvät oikeudet
* Europarådet = Council of Europe = Euroopan Neuvosto
* handikappade = disabled persons = vammaiset
* diskriminering = discrimination = syrjintä
* skilsmässa = divorce = avioliitto
* rätt till undervisning = right to education = oikeus opetukseen
* sysselsättning = employment = työllisyys
* jämlikhet = equality = tasa-arvo
* europeiska domstolen för de mänskliga rättigheterna = European Court of Human Rights = Euroopan ihmisoikeustuomioistuin
* ECJ = ECJ = ECJ
* homosexualitet = homosexuality = homoseksuaalisuus
* invandrare = immigrants = maahanmuuttajat
* urfolk = indigenous peoples = alkuperäiskansat
* islam = Islam = islaminusko
* äktenskap = marriage = avioliitto
* muslimer = Muslims = muslimit
* politiskt deltagande = political participation = poliittinen osallistuminen
* prostitution = prostitution = prostituutio
* graviditet = pregnancy = raskaus
* fångar = prisoners = vangit
* våldtäkt = rape = raiskaus
* religion = religion = uskonto
* sexuellt utnyttjande = sexual abuse = seksuaalinen hyväksikäyttö
* könsdiskriminering = sex discrimination = syrjintäkielto

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Australia / Canada / Colombia / Costa Rica / France / Germany / India / Israel / South Africa / Turkey / Spain / USA

NOTE (GENERAL): UDHR; CRC; ECHR;

URL http://www.cambridge.org/uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=052153027X

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Supreme Court on children / Bhat, Aparna (research & compiled), 598 p.. - New Delhi : Human Rights Law Network, 2005.

ISBN 81-89479-06-7

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* barnarbete = child labour = lapsityö
* rätt till undervisning = right to education = oikeus opetukseen
* äganderätt = right to property = omistusoikeus
* adoption = adoption = adoptio
* barn = children = lapset
* fängelseförhållanden = prison conditions = vankilaolosuhteet
* sexuellt utnyttjande = sexual exploitation = seksuaalinen hyväksikäyttö
* barnhandel = child trafficking = lapsikauppa
* ungdomsförbrytare = juvenile offenders = nuoret rikoksentekijät

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph series

Listening to the silences : women and war / Durham, Helen (ed.) ; Gurd, Tracey - (International Humanitarian Law Series ; vol. 8), xv, 276 p.. - Leiden : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2005.

ISBN 90-04-14365-3

LANGUAGE: ENG

INTRODUCTION: Challenging the perception that women are exclusively the victims, the caregivers or the passive supporters of men in times of armed conflict, Listening to the Silences: Women and War exposes the reader to a diversity of women’s voices. These voices, both personal and academic, demonstrate that women are increasingly taking on less ‘traditional’ roles during war, and that these roles are multifaceted, complicated and sometimes contradictory. The experiences of a judge, forensic anthropologist, survivor of sexual slavery, soldier, activist, journalist, humanitarian worker and others provide the reader with the opportunity to consider the depth of women’s involvement in armed conflict. Their voices highlight the fact that the international community at large has historically failed to listen to women, even as they have tried to tell their own individual tales of horror, heroism, courage, devastation, betrayal, violence and integrity during armed conflict. Concurrently the book examines in detail the legal infrastructure in this area, including debates on the adequacy of international law; developments in jurisprudence and the implementation of international resolutions. This book reveals that responses to women’s requirements during times of war will continue to be inadequate so long as we persist in silencing these differing perspectives and fail to take account of women’s dynamic and changing needs during war. Listening to the Silences: Women and War is a collection of women’s voices, each of which makes a unique contribution to a topic that is gathering international momentum and interest. The perspectives of these women greatly enhance our understanding of the gendered dimensions of armed conflict - they help to move the discourse beyond silence and towards inclusion, greater understanding and peace.

ABSTRACT: Contents:.

Part I Listening to Women’s Voices.

1 Fifty years of silence: Cry of the Raped, Jan Ruff-O’Herne.

2 The Roses, Mimi Doretti.

3 Combat Operations in Iraq: An Australian Soldier’s Perspective, Penny Cumming.

4 The Impact of Armed Conflict on Women, Charlotte Lindsey.

5 Sri Lanka First: The Business of Peace, Neela Marikkar.

6 Women’s Role in Peacemaking: A Personal Experience, Luz Méndez.

Part II How Does Law and Practice Affect How We Hear Women’s Voices?.

7 Sexual Violence During Wartime, Radhika Coomaraswamy.

8 Gender-Based Violence Among Conflict Affected Populations: Humanitarian Program Responses, Jeanne Ward.

9 Reporting on Women During Armed Conflict: A Journalist’s Perspective, Maggie O’Kane.

10 International Humanitarian Law and the Protection of Women, Helen Durham.

11 Women and Armed Conflict: The Response of International Humanitarian Law, Judith Gardam.

12 The Jurisprudence of International War Crimes Tribunals: Securing Gender Justice for Some Survivors, Kelly Askin.

13 The Other Voices: Interpreters and Investigators of Sexual Violence in International Criminal Prosecutions, Patricia Viseur-Sellers.

14 Small Conversations Can Lead to Big Changes, Georgina McEncroe.

15 Facilitating Women’s Voices in Truth Recovery: An Assessment of Women’s Participation and the Integration of a Gender Perspective in Truth Commissions, Hayli Millar.

Part III How Can We Use Women’s Voices to Create and Perpetuate Peace and Security?.

16 Engendering the Peace Process: Women’s Role in Peace Building and Conflict Resolution, Li Fung.

17 Fine Lines of Transformation: Afghan Women Working For Peace, Rina Amiri.

18 Moving Beyond Silence: Women Waging Peace, Swanee Hunt.

INDEX WORDS:
* kvinnor = women = naiset
* krig = war = sota
* väpnad konflikt = armed conflict = aseellinen selkkaus
* våldtäkt = rape = raiskaus
* sexuellt utnyttjande = sexual abuse = seksuaalinen hyväksikäyttö
* sexuellt våld = sexual violence = seksuaalinen väkivalta
* internationell humanitär rätt = international humanitarian law = kansainvälinen humanitaarinen oikeus
* internationella tribunalen för krigsförbrytelser = international tribunal on war crimes (ICTY and ICTR) = kansainvälinen sotarikostuomioistuin
* sanningskommissioner = truth commissions = totuuskomissiot
* fredsprocess = peace process = rauhanprosessi

URL http://www.brill.nl/default.aspx?partid=18&pid=22420

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Children's human rights : progress and challenges for children worldwide / Ensalaco, Mark (ed.) ; Majka, Linda C., vi, 278 p.. - Lanham, MD : Rowman & Littlefield Publ., 2005.

ISBN 0-7425-2988-6

LANGUAGE: ENG

INTRODUCTION: Children's human rights are regularly violated around the world. We hear about graphic examples including child soldiers, child prostitutes, and children sold into slavery, but hungry, sick, and orphaned children are equally at risk and more prevalent. In the United States, children suffer similar abuses, but some are unique to the U.S. justice system. Unlike most of the rest of the world, the U.S. is a well-developed western nation in which juvenile offenders can be tried as adults and sentenced to death. This book brings together a wide array of original essays from a variety of academic and practitioner perspectives on human rights and the status of children. The details are disturbing; the message, powerful: We must vigorously extend the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to the most vulnerable humans of all--the children of the world, starting at home in the United States.

ABSTRACT: Contents:. Introduction: A Human Right's Approach to the Needs of Children Linda C. Majka, Mark Ensalaco.

PART I: Children's Rights in International Law.

1. The Right of the Child to Development, Mark Ensalaco.

2. Transforming Visions into Reality: The Convention on the Rights of the Child, Jill Marie Gerschutz, Margaret P. Karns.

3. Strengthening the Framework for Enforcing Children's Rights: An Integrated Approach, Ursula Kilkelly.

PART II: Children in a Dangerous World.

4. The Problem of Sexual Trafficking in Post-Communist Europe , Jaro Bilocerkowycz.

5. Three Prints in the Dirt: Child Soldiers and Human Rights , Mary B. Geske, Mark Ensalaco.

6. Children's Rights and the Tenuousness of Local Conditions: A Case Study of Nicaragua , Richard Maclure, Melvin Sotelo.

7. Protecting Children on the Margins: Social Justice and Community Building , Laura M. Leming, Raymond L. Fitz.

PART III: Children's Rights in the United States.

8. Child Farm Workers in United States Agriculture , Linda C. Majka, Theo J. Majka.

9. Human Rights and Juvenile Justice in the United States , Rosemary C. Sarri, Jeffrey J. Shook.

10. The Challenges of Human Rights Education and the Impact on Children's Rights , Joyce Apsel.

Conclusion: Some Progress, Many Challenges , Mark Ensalaco, Linda C. Majka.

INDEX WORDS:
* barn = children = lapset
* barnets rättigheter = rights of the child = lapsen oikeudet
* rätt till utveckling = right to development = oikeus kehitykseen
* utnyttjande av barn = exploitation of children = lasten hyväksikäyttö
* barnhandel = child trafficking = lapsikauppa
* barnsoldater = child soldiers = lapsisotilaat
* barnarbete = child labour = lapsityö
* ungdomar = juveniles = nuoriso
* undervisning om mänskliga rättigheter = human rights education = ihmisoikeuksien opettaminen

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Nicaragua, United States

NOTE (GENERAL): CRC, UN charter, ICCPR, CERD, Convention concerning the prohibition and immediate action for the elimination of the worst forms of child labour (ILO convention no. 182), ACHR

URL http://www.rowmanlittlefield.com/Catalog/SingleBook.shtml?command=Search&db=^DB/CATALOG.db&eqSKUdata=0742529878&thepassedurl=[thepassedurl]

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial

Truth, lies, ritual : preliminary reflections on the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in Sierra Leone / Kelsall, Tim

REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Human rights quarterly : vol. 27; no. 2., p. 361-391. - Baltimore, MA : John Hopkins U. P., 2005. - ISSN 0275-0392

LANGUAGE: ENG

INTRODUCTION: This article uses an ethnographic description of a provincial public hearing in Sierra Leone to explore the paradoxical fact that in truth commissions, the truth is seldom told. It argues that the truth was not told for a variety of reasons, some of which are related to the special circumstances of the District, some to the problematic relationship of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission with the Special Court, some to organizational infirmities of the TRC itself, and some to the fact that public truth-telling lacks deep roots in the local cultures of Sierra Leone. By contrast, a staged ceremony of repentance and forgiveness on the final day struck resonant chords with the participants and succeeded in forging a reconciliatory moment. The implication, argues the article, is that in certain circumstances ritual may be more important to reconciliation than truth.

INDEX WORDS:
* sanningskommissioner = truth commissions = totuuskomissiot
* offer = victims = uhrit
* rättsställning = legal status = oikeudellinen asema
* barn = children = lapset
* sexuellt utnyttjande = sexual abuse = seksuaalinen hyväksikäyttö

URL http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/human_rights_quarterly/toc/hrq27.2.html

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: unpublished document

Internally displaced persons and the right to housing and property restitution / Koskinen, Päivi, 124 p.. - Åbo/Turku : Åbo Akademi. Ihmisoikeusinstituutti - Institutet för mänskliga rättigheter, 2005.

LANGUAGE: FIN

INDEX WORDS:
* internflyktingar = internally displaced persons = maan sisäiset pakolaiset
* statsansvar = state responsibility = valtiovastuu
* flyktingar = refugees = pakolaiset
* rättsfall/rättspraxis = cases/case law = oikeustapaukset/oikeuskäytäntö
* väpnad konflikt = armed conflict = aseellinen selkkaus
* författningsdomstol = constitutional court = valtiosääntötuomioistuin
* rätt till liv = right to life = oikeus elämään
* europeiska domstolen för de mänskliga rättigheterna = European Court of Human Rights = Euroopan ihmisoikeustuomioistuin
* icke-diskriminering = non-discrimination = syrjintäkielto
* lämplig bostad = adequate housing = sopiva asunto
* vräkning = eviction = häätö
* gottgörelse = reparation = hyvitys
* äganderätt = right to property = omistusoikeus
* sexuellt utnyttjande = sexual abuse = seksuaalinen hyväksikäyttö
* internflyktingar = internally displaced persons = maan sisäiset pakolaiset

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Russian Federation / Chechnya / Liberia

NOTE (GENERAL): Geneva conventions; Additional protocols to the Geneva conventions;

LIBRARY LOCATION: IMR

SHELF CODE: VIB/rapporter

URL http://www.abo.fi/instut/imr/norfa/paivi.pdf (full text)

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Advancing women's rights : the first decade of democracy / Murray, Christina (ed.) ; O'Sullivan, Michelle, v, 307 p.. - Cape Town : Juta Law, 2005.

ISBN 0-702-17315-0

LANGUAGE: ENG

INTRODUCTION: Gender equality is both a significant right and founding value in South Africa's Constitution. This volume of essays explores the meaning and implications of gender equality in South Africa today.

It includes studies on issues central to the transformation of gender relations in post-apartheid South Africa: violence against women, family law, land rights, customary law, the right to equality, and institutions to advance gender equality.

ABSTRACT: Contents:.

Brooms sweeping oceans? Women's rights in South Africa's first decade of democracy by Michelle O'Sullivan and Christina Murray.

Women, customary law and discrimination: The impact of the Communal Land Rights Act by Aninka Claassens.

The reform of the customary law of marriage and succession by Chuma Himonga.

Domestic partnership and marital status discrimination by Craig Lind.

Expanding equality by Saras Jagwanth.

Denial of the means of subsistence as an equality violation by Gwen Brodsky and Shelagh Day.

The dark side of the rainbow: Violence against women in South Africa after ten years of democracy by Heléne Combrinck.

Bridges and barriers: A five year retrospective on the Domestic Violence Act by Lillian Artz and Dee Smythe.

Removing the prescription blindfold in cases of childhood sexual abuse by Nikki Naylor.

South Africa's National Gender Machinery by Rashida Manjoo.

The Women's Legal Centre during its first five years by Ruth B Cowen.

INDEX WORDS:
* kvinnor = women = naiset
* kvinnors rättigheter = women's rights = naisten oikeudet
* jämlikhet = equality = tasa-arvo
* grundlag/författning = constitution = perustuslaki/valtiosääntö
* landrättigheter = land ownership rights = maanomistusoikeus
* våld = violence = väkivalta
* äktenskap = marriage = avioliitto
* diskriminering = discrimination = syrjintä
* familjevåld = domestic violence = perheväkivalta
* sexuellt utnyttjande = sexual abuse = seksuaalinen hyväksikäyttö

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: South Africa

URL http://www.jutastat.com/catalogue/itemdisplay.jsp?item_id=6281&search=true&category=-1&sformat=-1

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Armies of the young : child soldiers in war and terrorism / Rosen, David M. - (The Rutgers Series in Childhood Studies), xi, 199 p.. - New Brunswick, NJ : Rutgers University Press, 2005.

ISBN 0-8135-3568-9

LANGUAGE: ENG

INTRODUCTION: Children have served as soldiers throughout history. They fought in the American Revolution, the Civil War, and in both world wars. They served as uniformed soldiers, camouflaged insurgents, and even suicide bombers. Indeed, the first U.S. soldier to be killed by hostile fire in the Afghanistan war was shot in ambush by a fourteen-year-old boy.

Does this mean that child soldiers are aggressors? Or are they victims? It is a difficult question with no obvious answer, yet in recent years the acceptable answer among humanitarian organizations and contemporary scholars has been resoundingly the latter. These children are most often seen as especially hideous examples of adult criminal exploitation.

In this provocative book, David M. Rosen argues that this response vastly oversimplifies the child soldier problem. Drawing on three dramatic examples-from Sierra Leone, Palestine, and Eastern Europe during the Holocaust-Rosen vividly illustrates this controversial view. In each case, he shows that children are not always passive victims, but often make the rational decision that not fighting is worse than fighting.

With a critical eye to international law, Armies of the Young urges readers to reconsider the situation of child combatants in light of circumstance and history before adopting uninformed child protectionist views. In the process, Rosen paints a memorable and unsettling picture of the role of children in international conflicts.

ABSTRACT: Contents:.

1. War and childhood.

2. Fighting for their lives: Jewish child soldiers of World War II.

3. Fighting for diamonds: the child soldiers of Sierra Leone.

4. Fighting for the Apocalypse: Palestinian child soldiers.

5. The politics of age.

INDEX WORDS:
* barnsoldater = child soldiers = lapsisotilaat
* barn = children = lapset
* krig = war = sota
* terrorism = terrorism = terrorismi
* utnyttjande av barn = exploitation of children = lasten hyväksikäyttö
* judar = Jews = juutalaiset
* PLO = PLO = PLO
* palestinier = Palestinians = palestiinalaiset
* inbördeskrig = civil war = sisällissota

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Sierra Leone / Palestine

NOTE (GENERAL): Geneva conventions

URL http://165.230.98.36/acatalog/__Armies_of_the_Young_2297.html

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: unpublished document

Ihmiskaupan vastainen toiminta : Ruotsi, Viro, Italia ja Alankomaat / Sahanen, Sanna ; Kokkonen, Pasi, viii, 112 p.. - Åbo/Turku : Åbo Akademi. Ihmisoikeusinstituutti - Institutet för mänskliga rättigheter, 2005.

LANGUAGE: FIN

INTRODUCTION: Tiivistelmä:.

RUOTSI:. Ruotsissa tapahtuva ihmiskauppa on lähinnä naisten seksuaaliseen hyväksikäyttöön tähtäävää toimintaa, jossa uhrien lukumäärä vaihtelee vuosittain 400 ja 600 henkilön välillä. Ruotsissa on laajasti tuomittu tämä sukupuoleen liittyvä väkivalta ja hyväksikäyttö, josta esimerkkinä seksuaalipalvelujen oston kriminalisoiminen vuonna 1999. Ihmiskaupasta kertovat tiedotuskampanjat ovat myös kiinnittäneet erityistä huomiota seksin ostajiin ja kysyntään.

VIRO:. Viron ihmiskauppatilannetta on pitkään leimannut valtionhallinnon välinpitämättömyys ja haluttomuus tunnustaa ihmiskauppa todelliseksi kansalliseksi ja kansainväliseksi vi ongelmaksi. Viime aikoina on poliittista tahtoa kuitenkin ilmennyt, tästä osoituksena kansallista toimintasuunnitelmaa laativan työryhmän perustaminen ja osallistuminen kansainväliseen yhteistyöhön. Ihmiskauppa-käsitteen määrittely on ongelmallista, sillä viranomaisten kesken vallitsee epäselvyyttä maan sisäisen ihmiskaupan kuulumisesta osaksi laajempaa kansainvälistä ihmiskauppaa ja ihmiskaupan ja prostituution yhteydestä. Sekä viranomaisten että kansalaisten tietämättömyys johtuu ihmiskauppaan liittyvän koulutuksen ja tiedotuksen puutteesta, minkä vuoksi välinpitämättömyys heijastuu kaikkiin yhteiskunnan kerroksiin.

INDEX WORDS:
* människohandel = trafficking in persons = ihmiskauppa
* kvinnohandel = trafficking in women = naiskauppa
* sexuellt utnyttjande = sexual abuse = seksuaalinen hyväksikäyttö
* straffrätt = criminal justice = rikosoikeus
* rättsfall/rättspraxis = cases/case law = oikeustapaukset/oikeuskäytäntö
* rapporter = reports = raportit
* barnhandel = child trafficking = lapsikauppa
* lagstiftning = legislation = lainsäädäntö
* offer = victims = uhrit
* uppehållstillstånd = permission to stay = oleskelulupa

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Sweden / Estonia / Italy / Netherlands

LIBRARY LOCATION: IMR

SHELF CODE: VIB/rapporter

URL http://www.abo.fi/instut/imr/norfa/pasi-sanna.pdf (in full text)

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Rights in exile : Janus-faced humanitarianism / Verdirmae, Guglielmo ; Harrell-Bond, Barbara, xxix, 385 p.. - New York : Berghahn Books, 2005.

ISBN 1-57181-526-0

LANGUAGE: ENG

INTRODUCTION: Of the estimated 12 million refugees in the world, more than 7 million have been confined to camps, effectively "warehoused," in some cases, for 10 years or more. Holding refugees in camps was anathema to the founders of the refugee protection regime. Today, with most refugees encamped in the less developed parts of the world, the humanitarian apparatus has been transformed into a custodial regime for innocent people. Based on rich ethnographic data, Rights in Exile exposes the gap between human rights norms and the mandates of international organisations, on the one hand, and the reality on the ground, on the other. It will be of wide interest to social scientists, and to human rights and international law scholars. Policy makers, donor governments and humanitarian organizations, especially those adopting a "rights-based" approach, will also find it an invaluable resource. But it is the refugees themselves who could benefit the most if these actors absorb its lessons and apply the

ABSTRACT: CONTENTS:.

1. Refugee Law and Policy in Kenya and Uganda.

2. Getting In.

3. Status-Determination Procedures: '... and when you o 10 UNHCR, pray'.

4. Civil and Political Rights.

5. Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights.

6. Refugee Protection: What Is Going Wrong?

INDEX WORDS:
* UNHCR = UNHCR = uNHCR
* medborgerliga och politiska rättigheter = civil and political rights = kansalaisoikeudet ja poliittiset oikeudet
* ekonomiska, sociala och kulturella rättigheter = economic, social and cultural rights = TSS-oikeudet
* flyktingar = refugees = pakolaiset
* sysselsättning = employment = työllisyys
* rätt till undervisning = right to education = oikeus opetukseen
* NGO = nGO = NGO
* rätt till liv = right to life = oikeus elämään
* tortyr = torture = kidutus
* rörelsefrihet = freedom of movement = liikkumisvapaus
* personlig säkerhet = security of person = henkilökohtainen turvallisuus
* OAU = OAU = OAU
* slaveri = slavery = orjuus
* AIDS = AIDS = AIDS
* föreningsfrihet = freedom of association = yhdistymisvapaus
* asylsökande = asylum-seekers = turvapaikanhakijat
* barn = children = lapset
* medborgarskap = citizenship = kansalaisuus
* CESCR Committee = CESCR Committee = CESCR Committee
* dödsstraff = death penalty = kuolemanrangaistus
* kroppsaga = corporal punishment = ruumiillinen kuritus
* omänsklig behandling eller bestraffning = inhuman treatment or punishment = epäinhimillinen kohtelu tai rangaistus
* korruption = corruption = korruptio
* diskriminering = discrimination = syrjintä
* yttrandefrihet = freedom of expression = ilmaisuvapaus
* rättvis rättegång = fair trial = oikeudenmukainen oikeudenkäynti
* kvinnlig könsstympning = female genital mutilation (FGM) = naisten sukupuolielinten silpominen
* sexuellt våld = sexual violence = seksuaalinen väkivalta
* människohandel = trafficking in persons = ihmiskauppa
* könsdiskriminering = sex discrimination = sukupuolisyrjintä
* folkmord = genocide = kansanmurha
* hälsovårdsservice = health service = terveydenhuolto
* ICRC = ICRC = ICRC
* integration = integration = integraatio
* vräkning = eviction = häätö
* ICJ = ICJ = ICJ
* avvisning = non-refoulement principle = palautuskielto
* naturalisering = naturalisation = kansalaistaminen
* icke-diskriminering = non-discrimination = syrjintäkielto
* NGO = NGO = NGO
* muslimer = Muslims = muslimit
* äktenskap = marriage = avioliitto
* polis = police = poliisi
* sexuellt utnyttjande = sexual abuse = seksuaalinen hyväksikäyttö
* våldtäkt = rape = raiskaus
* kvinnor = women = naiset
* offer = victims = uhrit

NOTE (GENERAL): CAT; CEDAW; ICCPR; ICESCR; UDHR;

URL http://www.berghahnbooks.com/title.php?rowtag=Harrel-BondRights

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: unpublished document

Förverkligande av barnets rätt till skydd mot barnprostitution / Westin, Sabine Jeanette, 86 p.. - Åbo : Åbo Akademi, 2005.

LANGUAGE: SWE

INDEX WORDS:
* barn = children = lapset
* prostitution = prostitution = prostituutio
* slaveri = slavery = orjuus
* sexuellt utnyttjande = sexual abuse = seksuaalinen hyväksikäyttö
* ILO = ILO = ILO
* CRC Committee = CRC Committee = CRC Committee
* barnarbete = child labour = lapsityö
* reservationer = reservations = varaumat
* nationell rätt = national law = kansallinen oikeus
* extraterritorial tillämpning = extraterritorial application = ekstraterritoriaalinen (lain) soveltaminen
* straffrätt = criminal law = rikoslaki
* staternas förpliktelser = obligations of states = valtioiden velvollisuudet
* UNICEF = UNICEF = UNICEF
* OSSE = OSCE = ETYJ
* EU = EU = EU

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Filand / Sweden / Poland / Indonesia / Russian Federation

NOTE (THESIS): Avhandling pro gradu (master's thesis) i Folkrätt, ÅA, [2005], [T]

NOTE (GENERAL): CRC; CRC-OP; ICESCR; ECHR; The worst forms of child labour (ILO convention no. 182); Convention for the suppression of the traffic in persons and of the exploitation of the prostitution of others; Convention concerning minimum age for admission to employment (ILO convention no. 138);

LIBRARY LOCATION: IMR

SHELF CODE: seminarierummet

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

A global alliance against forced labour : global report under the follow-up to the ILO declaration on fundamental principles and rights at work 2005 / ; Report of the Director-General, vi, 87 p.. - Geneva : ILO, 2005. - ISSN 0074-6681

ISBN 92-2-115360-6

LANGUAGE: ENG

INTRODUCTION: 1. Four years ago, the fi rst Global Report on forced labour drew attention to the gravity of the problems of forced labour in the modern world, with “ugly new faces” such as human traffi cking emerging alongside the older forms.1 Since then the ILO has sought to mobilize world opinion behind the goal of a fair globalization, in which people come fi rst, with full respect for the core labour standards embodied in the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work adopted in 1998. Tackling forced labour head-on is one very practical way of contributing to achievement of this global goal. 2. On the basic characteristics of contemporary forced labour, much has been learned over the period. Importantly, the ILO is now less alone in calling attention to new forms of forced labour and slavery-like practices. There are encouraging signs of commitment, by ILO member States, employers’ and workers’ organizations, and the international community, to addressing the problems. Important developments have included the fi rst national action plans against forced and bonded labour, for example in Brazil and Pakistan. There has been growing commitment to the adoption of new laws or policies on the subject, for example in some east Asian transition economies. There are several regional action plans or declarations against human traffi cking, which increasingly recognize its forced labour and child labour dimensions. And following the recent entry into force of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, together with its Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Traffi cking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (the Traffi cking Protocol, also known as the Palermo Protocol), a number of States have now begun to adopt new legislation or amend their criminal law in order to address the forced labour dimensions of traffi cking.

ABSTRACT: CONTENTS:.

Part I: understanding and measuring forced labour today -- Forced labour: definitions and concepts -- A minimum estimate of forced labour in the world.

Part II: a dynamic global picture -- Key global trends and developments -- Combating impunity: the law and its enforcement -- Forced labour and the State -- Poverty, discrimination and forced labour -- Forced labour, migration and human trafficking -- Forced labour and the global economy: policy issues.

Part III: Global action to combat forced labour -- ILO action against forced labour -- Proposed action plan.

INDEX WORDS:
* tvångsarbete = forced labour = pakkotyö
* slaveri = slavery = orjuus
* människohandel = trafficking in persons = ihmiskauppa
* lagstiftning = legislation = lainsäädäntö
* fattigdom = poverty = köyhyys
* diskriminering = discrimination = syrjintä
* urfolk = indigenous peoples = alkuperäiskansat
* sexuellt utnyttjande = sexual abuse = seksuaalinen hyväksikäyttö
* offer = victims = uhrit

NOTE (MEETINGS): International Labour conference, 93rd session 2005 : report I (B)

NOTE (GENERAL): UN trafficking protocol; IlO convention no. 29 on forced labour; ILO convention no. 105 on Forced labour convention;

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Child labor in Sub-Saharan Africa / Bass, Loretta E., xii, 213 p.. - London : Lynne Rienner, 2004.

ISBN 1-58826-286-3

LANGUAGE: ENG

INTRODUCTION: Although both media and scholarly attention to the use of child labor has focused on Asia and Latin America, the highest incidence of the practice is found in Africa, where one in three children works. Loretta Bass presents a comprehensive, systematic study of child labor in sub-Saharan Africa.

Bass offers a window on the lives of Africa's children workers, a view informed by her analysis of the historical, economic, political, sociocultural, and legal factors framing child labor on the continent. Drawing on research from 18 countries, she discusses the political economy of child labor at the national, community, and household levels, the role of the education system, the differences between urban and rural child laborers, and the exploitation of children as soldiers, prostitutes, and slaves. Her concluding chapter confronts the benefits and costs of child labor and considers the prospects for policy aimed at creating positive social change.

ABSTRACT: Contents:.

1. Why Study Child Labor in Africa?

2. The Cultural and Historical Context of Child Labor. 3. The Political Economy of Children's Work. 4. Unequal Terrain: Rural vs. Urban Child Labor. 5. Work and School: Coordination and Conflict. 6. The Value of Children's Work: Getting the Short End of the Stick. 7. Expendable Laborers: Children as Soldiers, Prostitutes, and Slaves. 8. Making Sense of Child Labor in Africa.

INDEX WORDS:
* jordbruk = agriculture = maanviljely
* Afrikanska Unionen = African Union = Afrikan Unioni
* barnarbete = child labour = lapsityö
* barn = children = lapset
* barnsoldater = child soldiers = lapsisotilaat
* barnarbete = child labour = lapsityö
* ekonomisk utveckling = economic development = taloudellinen kehitys
* rätt till undervisning = right to education = oikeus opetukseen
* ILO = ILO = ILO
* AIDS = AIDS = AIDS
* IMF = IMF = IMF
* islam = Islam = islaminusko
* OAU = OAU = OAU
* prostitution = prostitution = prostituutio
* flyktingar = refugees = pakolaiset
* fattigdom = poverty = köyhyys
* slaveri = slavery = orjuus
* sexuellt utnyttjande = sexual abuse = seksuaalinen hyväksikäyttö
* barnhandel = child trafficking = lapsikauppa
* kvinnor = women = naiset

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Africa / Angola / Benin / Botswana / Burkina Faso / Burundi / Cameroon / China / Costa Rica / Cote d'Ivoire / Eritrea / France / Gambia / Ghana / Guinea-Bissau / India / Italy / Kenya / South Korea / Madagascar / Malawi / Mali / Mexico / Mozambique / Namibia / Philippines / Rwanda / Senegal / Sierra Leone / Somalia / South Africa / Spain / Swaziland / Tanzania / Togo / Uganda / United Kingdom / USA / Zambia / Zimbabwe

URL http://www.rienner.com/viewbook.cfm?bookid=1417

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial

The impact of tourism on the human rights of women in South East Asia / Hemingway, Sarah

REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): The international journal of human rights : vol. 8; no. 3 (Autumn)., p. 275-304. - London : Frank Cass, 2004. - ISSN 1364-2987

LANGUAGE: ENG

INTRODUCTION: Tourism activities are usually based on existing unequal, exploitative relationships and consequently, the poorer and more vulnerable groups in the country of destination suffer disproportionately from the negative impacts of tourism. This article examines how states, corporations and individuals under existing international and national law, corporate initiatives and the evolving concept of Responsible Tourism may address these problems. Attention is focused upon the tourism industry in South East Asia and how human rights, in particular those of women, are affected.

INDEX WORDS:
* turism = tourism = turismi
* WTO = WTO = WTO
* kvinnor = women = naiset
* u-länder = developing countries = kehitysmaat
* CESCR Committee = CESCR Committee = CESCR Committee
* tvångsförflyttade personer = displaced persons = hätäsiirtolaiset
* urfolk = indigenous peoples = alkuperäiskansat
* fattigdom = poverty = köyhyys
* sexuellt utnyttjande = sexual abuse = seksuaalinen hyväksikäyttö
* sysselsättning = employment = työllisyys
* staternas förpliktelser = obligations of states = valtioiden velvollisuudet
* sexturism = sex-tourism = seksiturismi
* verkställande = enforcement = voimaansaattaminen

NOTE (GENERAL): ICCPR-3-12; CEDAW; Trafficking protocol; ICESCR; Declaration on the right to development; CEDAW-OP;

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

International covenant on civil and political rights : cases, materials and commentary / Joseph, Sarah ; Schult, Jenny ; Castan, Melissa. - 2. ed.., lx, 985 p.. - Oxford : Oxford U. P., 2004.

ISBN 0-19-925807-4

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* offer = victims = uhrit
* uttömning av nationella rättsmedel = exhaustion of domestic remedies = kansallisien oikeussuojakeinojen loppuunkäyttö
* medborgerliga och politiska rättigheter = civil and political rights = kansalaisoikeudet ja poliittiset oikeudet
* rätt till liv = right to life = oikeus elämään
* tortyr = torture = kidutus
* rörelsefrihet = freedom of movement = liikkumisvapaus
* utvisning = expulsion = maastakarkotus
* rättvis rättegång = fair trial = oikeudenmukainen oikeudenkäynti
* rätt till privatliv = right to privacy = oikeus yksityiselämään
* religionsfrihet = freedom of religion = uskonnonvapaus
* yttrandefrihet = freedom of expression = ilmaisuvapaus
* församlingsfrihet = freedom of assembly = kokoontumisvapaus
* föreningsfrihet = freedom of association = yhdistymisvapaus
* barn = children = lapset
* politiskt deltagande = political participation = poliittinen osallistuminen
* icke-diskriminering = non-discrimination = syrjintäkielto
* minoritetsgrupper = minority groups = vähemmistöryhmät
* reservationer = reservations = varaumat
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea
* rättsfall/rättspraxis = cases/case law = oikeustapaukset/oikeuskäytäntö
* abort = abortion = abortti
* rätt till domstolsprövning = access to court = oikeus tuomioistuinmenettelyyn
* adoption = adoption = adoptio
* affirmative action = affirmative action = affirmative action
* utlänningar = aliens/non-citizens = ulkomaalaiset
* väpnade styrkor = armed forces = asevoimat
* godtyckligt anhållande = arbitrary arrest and detention = mielivaltainen pidätys
* asylsökande = asylum seekers = turvapaikanhakijat
* dödsstraff = death penalty = kuolemanrangaistus
* CAT Committee = CAT Committee = CAT Committee
* CERD Committee = CERD Committee = CERD Committee
* CEDAW Committee = CEDAW Committee = CEDAW Committee
* utnyttjande av barn = exploitation of children = lasten hyväksikäyttö
* barn = children = lapset
* medborgarskap = citizenship = kansalaisuus
* CESCR Committee = CESCR Committee = CESCR Committee
* CRC Committee = CRC Committee = CRC Committee
* skadestånd = compensation = vahingonkorvaus
* korruption = corruption = korruptio
* rätt att resa in i ett land = right to enter a country = oikeus saapua maahan
* kroppsaga = corporal punishment = ruumiillinen kuritus
* brott mot mänskligheten = crimes against humanity = rikos ihmisyyttä vastaan
* strafflag = criminal law = rikoslaki
* omänsklig behandling eller bestraffning = inhuman treatment or punishment = epäinhimillinen kohtelu tai rangaistus
* internationell sedvanerätt = customary international law = kansainvälinen tapaoikeus
* dödsstraff = death penalty = kuolemanrangaistus
* dödskö = death row = kuolemanjono
* deporterade personer = deported persons = karkotetut henkilöt
* inskränkningar = derogations = poikkeukset
* handikappade = disabled persons = vammaiset
* skilsmässa = divorce = avioero

NOTE (GENERAL): ICCPR; ICCPR-OP; ICCPR-2OP; ICESCR; CRC; CEDAW;

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph series

Gender and human rights / Knop, Karen (ed.) - (The collected courses of the Academy of European Law ; vol. XII/2), ix, 256 p.. - Oxford : Oxford U. P., 2004.

ISBN 0-19-926091-5

LANGUAGE: ENG

INTRODUCTION: In this book feminist scholars from a range of areas including international law, rights, citizenship, queer theory, constitutional law and migration studies bring fresh perspectives to gender and human rights. By relating women's international human rights to broader debates about feminism, rights and international society, this collection of essays both provides a sophisticated introduction to gender and human rights and offers a variety of fresh theoretical perspectives and methods.

ABSTRACT: CONTENTS: 1. Karen Knop: Introduction.

2. Nicola Lacey: Feminist Legal Therory and the Rights of Women.

3. Janet Halley: Take a Break from Feminism?.

4. Susanne Baer: Citizenship in Europe and the Construction of Gender by Law in the European Charter of Fundamental Rights.

5. Ruth Rubio-Marín and Martha I. Morgan: Constitutional Domestication of International Gender Norms: Categorizations, Illustrations, and reflections from the Nearside of the Bridge.

6. Patricia Viseur Sellers: Individual(s') Liability for Collective Sexual Violence.

7. Nathaniel Berman: 'The Appeals of the Orient': Colonized Desire and the War of the Riff.

8. Ruba Salih: Toward an Understanding of Transnationalism and Gender.

INDEX WORDS:
* kvinnor = women = naiset
* diskriminering = discrimination = syrjintä
* EU = EU = EU
* grundläggande rättigheter = fundamental rights = perusoikeudet
* migration = migration = siirtolaisuus
* kolonialism = colonialism = kolonialismi
* barn = children = lapset
* medborgarskap (EU) = citizenship (EU) = kansalaisuus (EU)
* skilsmässa = divorce = avioero
* feminism = feminism = naisasialiike
* grupprättigheter = group rights = ryhmäoikeudet
* ICJ = ICJ = ICJ
* internationella tribunalen för krigsförbrytelser = international tribunal on war crimes (ICTY and ICTR) = kansainvälinen sotarikostuomioistuin
* islam = Islam = islaminusko
* politiskt deltagande = political participation = poliittinen osallistuminen
* graviditet = pregnancy = raskaus
* tortyr = torture = kidutus
* sexuellt utnyttjande = sexual abuse = seksuaalinen hyväksikäyttö
* flyktingar = refugees = pakolaiset
* ILO = ILO = ILO
* väpnad konflikt = armed conflict = aseellinen selkkaus

NOTE (GENERAL): Canadian charter of rights and freedoms; CEDAW; EU charter of fundamental rights; ECHR; Geneva conventions; ICCPR; Inter-American convention onthe prevention, punishment and eradication of violence against women; ICESCR; TEU; UDHR;

URL http://www.oup.co.uk/isbn/0-19-926090-7

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial

Human rights and sexual abuse : the impact of international human rights law on Japan / Lida, Keisuke

REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Human rights quarterly : vol. 26; no. 2., p. 428-453. - Baltimore, Maryland : The John Hopkins U. P., 2004. - ISSN 0275-0392

LANGUAGE: ENG

INTRODUCTION: This article examines three major recent human rights issues in Japan relating to sexual behavior, and the measures taken to remedy them. It finds that although international human rights law and norms played a major role in each of these episodes, the influence of international law has been uneven. To explain this variation, the article focuses on the domestic balance of power in Japan and identifies three significant factors: (1) shared common interests between pro-human rights constituencies and their political opponents; (2) consensual decisionmaking; and (3) transnational coalition-building through international conferences.

INDEX WORDS:
* sexuellt utnyttjande = sexual abuse = seksuaalinen hyväksikäyttö
* barn = children = lapset
* barnprostitution = child prostitution = lapsiprostituutio
* tvångssterilisering = forced sterilization = pakkosterilisointi
* sexslaveri = sexual slavery = seksiorjuus
* sexslavar = sex slaves = seksiorjat

NOTE (GENERAL): CRC;

URL http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/human_rights_quarterly/toc/hrq26.2.html (full text)

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Utsatta och sårbara brottsoffer / Lindgren, Magnus ; Pettersson, Karl-Åke ; Hägglund, Bo, 299 p.. - Stockholm : JURE förlag AB, 2004.

ISBN 91-7223-192-0

LANGUAGE: ENG

INTRODUCTION: Under de senaste årtionden har omtanken om och intresset för brottsoffer växt. En rad åtgärder och reformer har också genomförts för att förbättra brottsoffrens möjligheter till stöd och hjälp. Även forskningen om brottsoffers situation har ökat. Allt arbete som görs kring problematiken kring olika individer och olika grupper i samhället, är naturligtvis förträffligt. Ju mer vi ökar vår kunskap kring olika brottsoffers situation, ökar vår möjlighet till förståelse för brottsoffren som ökar vår möjlighet att kunna stödja och hjälpa dem.

Denna studieplan är tänkt som hjälp för er som läser boken Utsatta och sårbara brottsoffer. Efter varje avsnitt följer frågeställningar som förslag till samtal och diskussion. Frågorna har ofta inte något givet svar utan skall leda till diskussion och eftertanke och ge möjlighet till reflektion över olika infallsvinklar. Vill ni formulera egna frågor ska ni självklart göra det.

INDEX WORDS:
* offer = victims = uhrit
* utsatta grupper = vulnerable groups = riskialttiit ryhmät
* EU = EU = EU
* mänskliga rättigheter = human rights = ihmisoikeudet
* kvinnor = women = naiset
* hedersmord = honour killing = kunniamurha
* polis = police = poliisi
* handikappade = disabled persons = vammaiset
* hatbrott = hate crime = viharikos
* de äldres rätt = rights of elderly = vanhempien ihmisten oikeudet
* rasism = racism = rasismi
* sexuellt utnyttjande = sexual abuse = seksuaalinen hyväksikäyttö
* människohandel = trafficking in persons = ihmiskauppa
* ungdomar = juveniles = nuoriso

LIBRARY LOCATION: Off.rätt.

URL http://www.jure.se/ie/

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

A critical introduction to law / Mansell, Wade ; Meteyard, Belinda ; Thomson, Alan. - 3. ed.., v, 194 p.. - London : Cavendish, 2004.

ISBN 978-1-85941-892-5

LANGUAGE: ENG

INTRODUCTION: This book challenges the usual introductions to the study of law. It argues that law is inherently political and reflects the interests of the few even while presenting itself as neutral. It considers law as ideology and as politics, and critically assesses its contribution to the creation and maintenance of a globalized and capitalist world. The clarity of the arguments are admirably suited to provoking discussions of the role of law in our contemporary world. This third edition provides contemporary examples to sustain the arguments in their relevance to the twenty-first century.

The book includes an analysis of the common sense of law; the use of anthropological examples to gain external perspectives of our use and understanding of law; a consideration of central legal concepts, such as order, rules, property, dispute resolution, legitimation and the rule of law; an examination of the role of law in women's subordination and finally a critique of the effect of our understanding of law upon the wider world. This book is ideal for undergraduate and postgraduate students reading law.

INDEX WORDS:
* strafflag = criminal law = rikoslaki
* konstitutionalism = constitutionalism = valtiosääntöistäminen
* jämlikhet = equality = tasa-arvo
* god förvaltning = good governance = hyvä hallinto
* romer = Roma = romanit
* incest = incest = insesti
* IMF = IMF = IMF
* äktenskap = marriage = avioliitto
* kvinnor = women = naiset
* sysselsättning = employment = työllisyys
* polis = police = poliisi
* fackföreningar = trade unions = ammattiyhdistykset
* rättsstatsprincip = rule of law = oikeusvaltioperiaate
* terrorism = terrorism = terrorismi
* sexuellt utnyttjande = sexual abuse = seksuaalinen hyväksikäyttö

URL http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9781859418925/

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial

Rape in refugee camps as organisational failures / Olsen, Odd Einar ; Scharffscher, Kristin S.

REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): The international journal of human rights : vol. 8; no. 4., p. 377-398. - London : Frank Cass, 2004. - ISSN 1364-2987

LANGUAGE: ENG

INTRODUCTION: Gender-based violence (GBV) in refugee camps is analysed by using mainstream theories of risk and safety management derived from studies of accidents in technological production systems. We use theory of organisational accidents and man-made disasters to explain the mutual linkages between latent conditions for GBV embedded in the structures of humanitarian organisations, and assaults occurring in the camps. Furthermore, safety management theory is applied to explain how organisational preconditions for GBV may develop unnoticed in humanitarian organisations and ultimately contribute to the perpetuated vulnerability of refugee women. The analysis is based on a study undertaken in Sierra Leone. * The authors wish to state that the following article has been written on an equal footing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INDEX WORDS:
* våldtäkt = rape = raiskaus
* flyktingar = refugees = pakolaiset
* flyktingläger = refugee camps = pakolaisleirit
* sexuellt utnyttjande = sexual abuse = seksuaalinen hyväksikäyttö
* UNHCR = UNHCR = UNHCR
* NGO = NGO = NGO

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Sierra leone / Liberia

NOTE (GENERAL): DEDAW; CEDAW;

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Carrots and sticks : the TRC and the South African amnesty process / Sarkin, Jeremy, xiii, 441 p.. - Antwerp : Intersentia, 2004.

ISBN 90-5095-400-6

LANGUAGE: ENG

INTRODUCTION: This book is about the South African amnesty process. Many of the most well-known cases are investigated: the Cradock Four, the Pebco Three, the St James' Church, Heidelberg Tavern, Bisho, Boipatong, Trust Feeds and KwaMakutha massacres; the killing of Amy Biehl, Chris Hani, Steve Biko, Stanza Bopape, Fabian and Florence Ribeiro; the Motherwell, Magoo's Bar, Ellis Park Rugby Stadium, Church Street and Wimpy bombings, the Craig Duli coup, the applications of Craig Williamson, Trevor Tutu, Eugene de Kock and Jeffrey Benzien, the collective applications of the ANC 37 and APLA leaders, the Jerry Richardson case involving Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, and amnesty cases stemming from the Magnus Malan trial. The content of many of the amnesty decisions are investigated to see how the Amnesty Committee applied the amnesty law and whether the decisions were fair and consistent.

The book examines the amnesty application numbers the number of 'legitimate' applications, the spread across political affiliation, the number of female applicants, and who is a victim and who is a perpetrator. It looks at the extent to which the indemnity process that occurred between 1990 and 1995 undermined the 'carrot' of amnesty, whether the criminal justice system offered a sufficient 'stick' to coax potential applicants into the process, and how timing of events and attitudes of political parties influenced applications. Also considered is the timing of hearings, the role of the Investigations Unit, and the way in which the Amnesty Committee dealt with offences committed outside of South Africa, witchcraft applications and gender crimes. The subject of the final chapter is what happens next. Will those who were refused amnesty or who did not apply be prosecuted? A few significant themes or debates permeate the text; the extent to which the TRC was victim-centred or perpetratorfriendly; the extent to which the TRC and the amnesty process in particular, contributed to the discovery of 'sufficient' truth, a prerequisite for reconciliation; and the extent to which the TRC and its amnesty process actively attempted to facilitate national unity and reconciliation.

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION:.

1. Recent Developments 2. South Africa 3. Criticism of the TRC from Within South Africa 4. Criticism of the Amnesty Committee 5. Whats in the Book? 6. Definitions, Language and Terminology CHAPTER 1: ESTABLISHING THE AMNESTY PROCESS:.

1. Introduction 2. Finding a Balance Between the Objectives of Truth, Justice and Reconciliation 3. Release of Political Prisoners 4. Indemnities, Immunities, Releases and Pardons 5. Agreement on Amnesty 6. Appointment of Commissioners 7. Objectives 8. Establishing the Amnesty Process 9. Establishing the Amnesty Committee 10. The Amnesty Process as a Separate Process 11. Perpetrator Testimonies Outside of the Amnesty Process 12. Court Reviews of Amnesty Decisions 13. Recusals 14. Dissenting Opinions 15. Naming of Perpetrators 16. Interim Report of Amnesty Committee 1998 17. Recommendations and Findings in the 1998 TRC Report 18. Reparations for Victims.

CHAPTER 2 : PROCESS ISSUES AFFECTING THE WORK OF THE AMNESTY COMMITTEE:.

1. Introduction 2. Understanding the Amnesty Numbers 2.1. Definitional issues 2.2. Perpetrator numbers: too few or too many? 2.3. Factors influencing the numbers Statistics 2.4. Limited support of the criminal justice system 2.5. Administrative and in-chamber decisions (those without a hearing) 2.6. Female applicants 3. Complicity Between Applicants 4. Timing of Hearings and the Release of Decisions 5. Amnesty Investigations 6. The Speed and Narrow Focus of Hearings 7. Postponements 8. Quality Legal Representation for Some 9. Precedent 10. Findings of Fact and Obtaining Truth 11. The Effect of the Earlier Indemnities and Pardons on the Amnesty Process 12. The Role of Victims 13. The Effect of Victims Supporting or Opposing Amnesty 14. Reconciliation 15. Concluding Remarks.

CHAPTER 3 : APPLYING THE SUBSTANTIVE LEGAL CRITERIA TO AMNESTY APPLICATIONS:.

1. Introduction 2. The Law Governing Amnesty 3. Denying Guilt 4. The Methodology Employed in Applying the Criteria 5. Full Disclosure 5.1. Full disclosure and greater truth 5.2. The limits of foot soldier truth disclosures and the need for collective amnesties 6. Political Objective 6.1. Membership of an organisation 6.2. At whom the attack is directed 6.3. Orders 6.4. Political objective and malice 6.5. Political objective and proportionality 6.6. The amnesty application by the killers of Chris Hani 6.7. Witchcraft 7. Offences Committed Outside South Africa 8. Gender Crimes 9. Conclusion.

CHAPTER 4 : AFTER THE AMNESTY PROCESS: PROSECUTIONS OR ANOTHER AMNESTY?:.

1. Introduction 2. Why Prosecute? 3. Truth for Justice 4. Post-Apartheid Trials 5. Political Will and Political Circumstances 6. Will the State Enact Another Amnesty Law and Will It Be Constitutional? 7. Conclusion

INDEX WORDS:
* ansvarighet = accountability = vastuullisuus
* amnesti = amnesty = armahdus
* apartheid = apartheid = rotusorto
* väpnade styrkor = armed forces = asevoimat
* autonomi = autonomy = autonomia
* kollektiv amnesti = collective amnesty = kollektiivinen armahdus
* författning/grundlag = constitution = perustuslaki/valtiosääntö
* brott mot mänskliga rättigheter = crimes against humanity = rikos ihmisyyttä vastaan
* dödsstraff = death penalty = kuolemanrangaistus
* rättvis rättegång = fair trial = oikeudenmukainen oikeudenkäynti
* grova brott mot mänskliga rättigheter = gross violations of human rights = törkeät ihmisoikeusloukkaukset
* mänskliga rättigheter = human rights = ihmisoikeudet
* offer = victims = uhrit
* internationella brottmålsdomstolen = international criminal court (ICC) = kansainvälinen rikostuomioistuin
* internationella tribunalen för krigsförbrytelser = international tribunal on war crimes (ICTY and ICTR) = kansainvälinen sotarikostuomioistuin
* tolkning = interpretation = tulkinta
* lagstiftning = legislation = lainsäädäntö
* befrielserörelser = liberation movements = vapautusliikkeet
* massaker = massacre = verilöyly
* NGO = NGO = NGO
* polis = police = poliisi
* politiska partier = political parties = poliittiset puolueet
* fångar = prisoners = vangit
* åtal = prosecution = syyte
* rättsstatsprincip = rule of law = oikeusvaltioperiaate
* självförsvar = self-defence = itsepuolustus
* sexuellt utnyttjande = sexual abuse = seksuaalinen hyväksikäyttö
* sanningskommissioner = truth commissions = totuuskomissiot
* terrorism = terrorism = terrorismi
* tortyr = torture = kidutus

URL http://www.intersentia.be/zoekdetail.asp?titel=&auteur=sarkin&isbn=&vakgebied=&trefwoord=&datum=&auteurid=&reeksid=&pageid=0&page=1&pid=1084#

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Nordic equality at a crossroads : feminist legal studies coping with difference / Svensson, Eva-Maria (ed.) ; Pylkkänen, Anu ; Niemi-Kiesiläinen, Johanna, viii, 249 p.. - Aldershot : Ashgate, 2004.

ISBN 0-7546-2408-0

LANGUAGE: ENG

INTRODUCTION: Nordic Equality at a Crossroads makes a major contribution to the debates on equality and difference in contemporary Europe. In this absorbing work, feminist legal scholars from four Nordic countries provide a critical account of the latest legal policies in these countries linked with gender (in)equality, such as public financing of children's homecare, regulation of the labour market towards substantive equality, and the reforms concerning violence against women. These issues are matters of concern everywhere in Europe, and the solutions adopted in the Nordic countries will be of interest to all policy-makers. The increasing multiculturalism and the shift toward greater market orientation, however, have challenged the traditional Nordic equality policies. The authors argue that a structural and contextual analysis of inequality, also in the field of law, is necessary to encounter the challenge of pluralism.

ABSTRACT: CONTENTS:.

1. Introduction: Nordic feminist legal studies at a crossroads, by Eva-Maria Svensson, Anu Pylkkänen and Johanna Niemi-Kiesiläinen.

2. Contemporary challenges in Nordic feminist legal studies, by Eva-Maria Svensson and Anu Pylkkänen.

3. Gender, bargaining strategies and strikes in Sweden, by Susanne Fransson and Christer Thörnqvist.

4. Promoting equality in the workplace: legislative intent and reality, by Karoliina Ahtela.

5. Care and social rights in Norway, by Hege Brœkhus.

6. The Norwegian home care allowance, by Kristine Helen Korsnes.

7. Economic dependence and self-support in family, tax and social law, by Åsa Gunnarsson, Monica Burman and Lena Wennberg.

8. The reform of sex crime law and the gender-neutral subject, by Johanna Niemi-Kiesiläinen.

9. On the limits of the concept of equality: arguments for a dynamic reading, by Kevät Nousiainen.

10. Equality through human rights: Nordic and international feminist perspectives on rights, by Sari Kouvo.

11. Bringing difference into the classroom: cross-cultural experiences in teaching, by Hanne Petersen.

INDEX WORDS:
* diskriminering = discrimination = syrjintä
* icke-diskriminering = non-discrimination = syrjintäkielto
* barnavård = child care = lastenhoito
* jämlikhet = equality = tasa-arvo
* feminism = feminism = naisasialiike
* homosexualitet = homosexuality = homoseksuaalisuus
* äktenskap = marriage = avioliitto
* graviditet = pregnancy = raskaus
* slaveri = slavery = orjuus
* självbestämmanderätt = self-determination = itsemääräämisoikeus
* välfärd = welfare = hyvinvointi
* våldtäkt = rape = raiskaus
* arbetslöshet = unemployment = työttömyys
* affirmative action = affirmative action = affirmative action
* EU = EU = EU
* sexuellt utnyttjande = sexual abuse = seksuaalinen hyväksikäyttö
* kvinnor = women = naiset
* ECJ = ECJ = ECJ
* socialhjälp = social assistance = sosiaaliavustus
* skilsmässa = divorce = avioero
* äganderätt = right to property = omistusoikeus
* hedersmord = honour killing = kunniamurha

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Norway / Nordic Countries / Sweden / Finland / Denmark / France / Germany

NOTE (GENERAL): ECHR; CERD; UN charter; CEDAW; Convention on discrimination in the workplace (ILO convention no. 111);

URL https://www.ashgate.com/shopping/title.asp?key1=&key2=&orig=results&isbn=0%207546%202408%200

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

The International Law Association : report of the seventy-first conference : held in Berlin, 16-21 August 2004 /, 942 p.. - London : International Law Association, 2004. - ISSN 0074-6738

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* feminism = feminism = naisasialiike
* internationella brottmålsdomstolen = international criminal court (ICC) = kansainvälinen rikostuomioistuin
* internationell handel = international trade = kansainvälinen kauppa
* hållbar utveckling = sustainable development = kestävä kehitys
* statssuccession = state succession = valtioseuraanto
* rymdrätt = space law = avaruusoikeus
* miljörätt = environmental law = ympäristöoikeus
* nedrustning = disarmament = aseidenriisunta
* internationella organisationer = international organisations = kansainväliset järjestöt
* kvinnohandel = trafficking in women = naiskauppa
* sexuellt utnyttjande = sexual abuse = seksuaalinen hyväksikäyttö
* tvångsarbete = forced labour = pakkotyö
* väpnad konflikt = armed conflict = aseellinen selkkaus
* statsansvar = state responsibility = valtiovastuu

NOTE (GENERAL): UDHR; ICCPR; CEDAW; Migrant workers convention; ACHPR; ACHPR-OP; ESC; convention against transnational organized crime; ICC statute; Beijing declaration and platform of action; CRC; CRC-OP; Vienna declaration and programme of action; UN charter;